Searching for Emma's Seminary

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kfactor
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Searching for Emma's Seminary

Post by kfactor »

This topic began in the "Cellar" thread, but I am re-posting under the above heading.

There was some speculation that Emma may have attended Mount Holyoke Female Seminary. I work at Mount Holyoke (now) College, and I decided to do some research. I contacted the wonderful folks in the college archives, and here is their reply:

"In response to your request, I checked the 100 year biographical directory
(a listing of all Mount Holyoke students from 1837-1937) for Emma L. Borden.
There is no entry for her, so she was not a student here. It is possible
that she attended Ipswich female seminary, which we have a collection on and
which I believe was still operating at that time. You can view the finding
aid for that collection at:
http://asteria.fivecolleges.edu/findaid ... _main.html
As for other possibilities, I think that Byfield Seminary (later located in
Saugus) and Buckland female school were both closed by the time Emma would
have been a student. There was also a Northfield Seminary, but I don't have
any information on it. You may also want to check with Smith, which was
founded in 1871."

So, Emma probably did not attend Mount Holyoke.

I also inquired at Smith College, and it seems that Emma did not attend there either. Smith was never a seminary, by the way.

So, I will keep researching to see if I can solve this puzzle.
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Post by nbcatlover »

A long time ago, someone suggested that I check out Indiana's McCormick Female Seminary which was founded by Cyrus McCormick from Chicago. The woman thought that this institution might be the reason the Bordens visited Chicago. There have been various reports that "Lizzie" Borden was a teacher in the midwest. Is it possible that it was "Emma"?

I've never had the time to work on this so I'm just passing this story along.

Personally, I've thought that Wheaton in Norton was a more convenient choice for someone from Fall River.

Regards, Cynthia
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Post by Kat »

Our member, Joe Carlton, gave me 3 items from the papers about that, Cynthia. I will post them here for him.

AND- Thanks a bunch kfactor!
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Post by Kat »

Donated by Our Joe! :cool:
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Post by Kat »

Final thanks Joe! - From Iowa
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Post by kfactor »

You were ahead of the game in your thinking, nbcatlover!

"Personally, I've thought that Wheaton in Norton was a more convenient choice for someone from Fall River."


The archivist at Mt. Holyoke sent me a second e-mail suggesting I ask about Emma there. So, I have sent an inquiry to Wheaton too.
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Post by kfactor »

Those newspaper clippings posted by Kat on behalf of Joe are mysterious. "Yes, she taught, No, she didn't", etc.

Cynthia, I will try to look into the McCormick Female Seminary in Indiana.
However, I should probably do some work first :eek: since I am.... at work. LOL
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Higher Education for Emma

Post by Shelley »

Thanks for looking into Mt. Holyoke. I was in Amherst last Fall poking around hopefully for Emma. She and Emily Dickinson would have made quite a pair! We may be assuming too much about Emma's education level. Perhaps she merely went to one of those "finishing school" establishments which were all over the place, and not a college at all. Another thought was Miss Porter's School in Farmington, CT which is still in operation. Many ladies from wealthy families attended there for a year or two of polishing. By train, it would have been very convenient from Fall River, connecting to Hartford.
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Post by kfactor »

We have an answer to the question of where Emma attended school!!!

Here is the reply I received from the Wheaton College archives:

"I checked our Alumnae Register, January 1927, and discovered Emma Borden's name on the "Unlocated List" meaning there was no current address for her except "Fall River." She was listed as attending during the years 1866 to 1868. In the Alumnae Register for 1932, Emma was listed as a non-degree alum "x." She was also listed with an asterisk beside her name signifying that she was deceased. Hope this helps.

Alumnae Register, January 1927
Borden, Emma L. 1866-68, Fall River

Alumnae Register, June 1932
*Borden, Emma x68"

There it is!! :lol:
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Hurray!

Post by Shelley »

Congratulations! Great stuff. Good job! :!:
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Post by Kat »

Wow that's Huge!

Shelley- you should let Len know!

Thanks so much, kfactor!
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Post by nbcatlover »

kfactor--Great work! You've solved a long-standing Lizzie mystery!
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Post by nbcatlover »

kfactor--any idea what a normal course of study would be at Norton Female Seminary? It wasn't a college when Emma attended. Would 2 years be a reasonable stay for that period in time?

Regards, Cynthia
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Post by Shelley »

I did call Len just as soon as I saw the good news. To think he has taught in Norton all these years! We will be taking a field trip in the next day or so I think. :lol:
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Post by Shelley »

It is a beautiful campus. The alumnae society may have some old photos of dormitories.

http://www.wheatoncollege.edu/about/

Some of Emma's teachers must have been those described here: http://www.wheatoncollege.edu/about/History.html
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Post by Susan »

Thanks so much for your fruitful search, Kristin! So Emma did have a couple of years of higher education and especially at a time when it wasn't really expected for a woman to do so. Too cool! :cool:

Thanks for the Wheaton links, Shelley, so interesting.
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Post by Harry »

kfactor, Terrific job! Thanks for sticking with it till you found the answer.

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Post by Kat »

Now we should figure out if Emma went of her own wishes or if she was pushed out of the house because of Andrew's remarriage!
:wink:
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Post by twinsrwe »

WOW, Kristin!!! What a gold mine you have found - excellent job. :cheers: Thank-you for posting this information for us.
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Post by Harry »

Kat @ Thu Jun 21, 2007 2:55 am wrote:Now we should figure out if Emma went of her own wishes or if she was pushed out of the house because of Andrew's remarriage! :wink:
That is an interesting question to speculate on. Did a little looking up:

Andrew and Abbie had been married only a year (June 6, 1865) when Emma went off to Wheaton (1866). Emma would have been 15 and Lizzie only 6. They were still living on Ferry Street at the time.

The firm of Borden & Almy was doing very well and the partners were very active in real estate purchases. See the appendixes in Rebello. Andrew would have had no problem in his ability to pay for her schooling.

I think I lean toward Andrew and Abbie sending her away. Not that she (Emma) was all that bad but she may have been influencing a young Lizzie, who at 6 years, would be beginning to form her opinions.

However, Norton, Mass. is not all that far from Taunton and certainly Emma would be home summers and possibly weekends at times.
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Post by kfactor »

Thanks everyone!

I was walking on air yesterday when I got the information from Wheaton.

Of course, I'm a little disappointed it wasn't Mt. Holyoke :wink: One can easily picture Emma here (or Lizzie, for that matter). This campus is extremely 19th century in appearance.

Shelley, regarding your trip to Wheaton, e-mail me at [email protected], and I will send you the contact info for the archivists there who did the research.

I also agree that it will be interesting to know if Emma went of her own accord or if she was "sent" to school by Andrew and Abby.
My mind is racing!

Kristin
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Post by kfactor »

nbcatlover @ Wed Jun 20, 2007 8:20 pm wrote:kfactor--any idea what a normal course of study would be at Norton Female Seminary? It wasn't a college when Emma attended. Would 2 years be a reasonable stay for that period in time?

Regards, Cynthia
Hi Cynthia,

Offhand, I don't know what the normal course of study would have been in Emma's day. However, we can certainly find out via the Wheaton archives. I will check to see what they have online. Also, Shelley mentioned that she will probably be heading to Wheaton soon. FYI, a good place to start looking would be the 1866-68 school catalogs, if they are available in the archives.

Kristin
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Post by Angel »

Harry @ Thu Jun 21, 2007 8:29 am wrote:
Kat @ Thu Jun 21, 2007 2:55 am wrote:Now we should figure out if Emma went of her own wishes or if she was pushed out of the house because of Andrew's remarriage! :wink:
That is an interesting question to speculate on. Did a little looking up:

Andrew and Abbie had been married only a year (June 6, 1865) when Emma went off to Wheaton (1866). Emma would have been 15 and Lizzie only 6. They were still living on Ferry Street at the time.

I think I lean toward Andrew and Abbie sending her away. Not that she (Emma) was all that bad but she may have been influencing a young Lizzie, who at 6 years, would be beginning to form her opinions.

However, Norton, Mass. is not all that far from Taunton and certainly Emma would be home summers and possibly weekends at times.
Wow! What a find! That is great information. Good work.
Maybe Emma was making things difficult for Abby to try to fit in, so they got rid of her for a while. I would think that would only fuel a young girl's hostilities if Abby (the intruder) seemed more important (in Emma's eyes) to infiltrate the household while she the daughter would be sent away.
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Post by Allen »

Angel @ Thu Jun 21, 2007 9:22 am wrote:
Wow! What a find! That is great information. Good work.
Maybe Emma was making things difficult for Abby to try to fit in, so they got rid of her for a while. I would think that would only fuel a young girl's hostilities if Abby (the intruder) seemed more important (in Emma's eyes) to infiltrate the household while she the daughter would be sent away.
AWESOME FIND kfactor! I agree with what Angel said in her post. If Emma felt that she was sent away because of Abby, this could've definitely fueled resentment and hostility towards her step mother. This may have been what planted the initial seed which eventually grew into the tense living conditions at the time of Abby's death. It would also lend a better explaination as to why the girls became so upset when Andrew purchased the property for Abby's family, and why they seemed to have felt Abby had a great influence over their father. Maybe even to the point of leaving most of his inheritance to her?
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Post by Shelley »

Over the years, searching for Titanic passengers and photos, often these seminaries kept memory books, or group shots of the young ladies at their sewing, on excursions, things like that. I actually found all the school course records of what a lady passenger had studied. I plan to drive up early Friday, and will see if the dormitory or any remnant is left. It is not far from my usual Friday jaunt so I can report in on what the findings may be. It would be great to find a young Emma photo!
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Post by nbcatlover »

It's curious that Emma never mentioned her schooling. It's also curious that none of her schoolmates ever came forth to mention their schooling together, especially since Lizzie was jailed in nearby Taunton.

Today someone would be selling their story to the tabloids for big bucks!
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Post by Kat »

Yes I am surprised Emma didn't sing out "Wheaton" on the witness stand. Certainly a place not to be ashamed of attending!

When I wrote my "Emma" article for The Hatchet (Feb/March 2006 Issue) I called Len Rebello and asked him what School he thought it might be. He gave me 2 names: Mt. Holyoke and Wheaton. This was what? January 2006?

I looked them up online and found that Mary Lyon designed the curriculum for both schools and at Wheaton Emma could be exposed to science, philosophy, literature, math, logic, history and religion.

I also wrote:
"A young woman might attend through her family's wish that her education might be supplemented by religious study, and she might be trained for later usefullness in her community as a choir director or a Sunday School teacher."

It's my understanding that the late Mrs. Florence Brigham graduated Mt. Holyoke, kfactor.
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Post by kfactor »

Kat @ Mon Jun 25, 2007 1:55 am wrote: It's my understanding that the late Mrs. Florence Brigham graduated Mt. Holyoke, kfactor.
There is a dorm here called Brigham Hall - I'll have to find out if it is named after Mrs. Florence Brigham - my guess is that it is.

Also, to chime in a little bit more about female seminaries, graduates of Mount Holyoke were encouraged to become missionaries in all corners of the globe. This was Mary Lyon's great wish. The archives has a collection of letters from graduates who did just that. I am not sure if the same is true of Wheaton, since Mary Lyon was not in charge there (she did design the curriculum as you said, Kat).

But if Wheaton graduates were supposed to go abroad as missionaries, It is hard for me to imagine Emma intending to do so for any length of time upon graduation......

Just a thought....

-Kristin
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Post by sguthmann »

Some additional research findings to add to the "pot"...

As some of you may recall, I previously inquired about the Bordens' time in Chicago and the possibility that Emma attended school there. Well we now have the answer to where and when she was "away at school" (GREAT JOB!), and I may be able to shed a little more light on what ANDREW was doing at the time Emma was away at Wheaton...

On a recent trip to Chicago, I visited the local historical society and perused through their city directories for the years of 1860-1870. It just so happens that during the years of 1866-1868 - and ONLY DURING THOSE YEARS - "Andrew Borden" IS listed in the directories, individually and as being with the firm of "Warren, Allen & Borden," later changed to "Warren & Borden."

Andrew's partners in the firm appear to have been Warren D. Allen and James H. Warren. One description of the company indicated that they were "commercial merchants and dealers in wool." Andrew Borden is listed as a boarder at various locations during 1866-1868, as is James H. Warren. Warren D. Allen lists a home address. How did AJ Borden come to know these men? I'm not aware that either one was from Fall River - or anywhere in the New England area, for that matter.

Interesting that the years he was in Chicago just happen to exactly overlap the years that Emma was away at school. Also, since my info appears to confirm in part the report that the Bordens were in Chicago, should it be assumed that Lizzie and Abby were there as well? I'm inclined to believe so.

And what made Andrew take on this venture in the first place? Was there considerable profit to be made, and/or something more? I'm sure $ played a part, but certainly there were many opportunities for an investor like Andrew in any number of places throughout his lifetime, and yet he appears to have chosen to remove himself from Fall River only once for any considerable period of time. So why this one?
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Post by Kat »

Wow you got some info in Chicago- I'm so glad! You have been looking and wondering a long time, it seems!

Also it's been mentioned to me that Emma would have been out of shool by the time the Bordens went to Chicago so she probably was there too with the family in 1868.

But was it "Andrew J. Borden," or "Andrew Borden" listed?
You mention "AJB."

Since the Morse's were mostly all in Girard, Ill. by that time, the Bordens may have traveled out there to meet Anthony's new wife and their new children and introduce Lizzie to her mother's side of the family.

I think Chicago doubled in size that decade- lots of investment opportunities.
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Post by sguthmann »

Thank you Kat! I was pleased with the find too, as you're right, I had been wondering about it for a while!

In answer to your post:

- I don't think Emma would have been in Chicago during the years 1866-68, since those appear to be the years she was in school at Wheaton. It would be my guess that only Andrew, Abby and Lizzie would have been in Chicago during those dates.

- I'll have to dig out my notes, but I'm almost certain that one of the directories had "A J Borden" at the same time another directory had "Andrew Borden" at the same adddress during one of the years between 1866-1868. I'll get back to you on that, but I'm almost certain because I recall thinking, "What are the odds of there being another Andrew J Borden in Chicago at that time?"

- The Bordens may well have taken the opportunity to meet up with family "out west" while in Chicago, however, I'm still inclined to believe this was not the predominant reason for their trip and 2 years stay.
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Post by Tina-Kate »

I'm a bit skeptical about this, sorry. It didn't sit right with me.

I looked in Rebello and found tidbits of info.

Rebello's *Appendix C* (page 551) is a listing of real estate transactions the author found for Andrew J. Borden (sometimes including his partner Mr Almy). During the years 1866-1868, Rebello found 4 real estate transactions for Andrew in Fall River. Would he run home to buy land then go back again???

Also, *Appendix A*, which shows Dun & Bradstreet's evaluations of Borden & Almy---during roughly the years 1866-1871 is the period when D&B is almost ranting & raving about how successful they are.

It seems rather hard to believe that while business was booming incredibly---and I'm sure, very very busy---that Andrew would take off to try to make it in Chicago.

As we already know, there was more than one Andrew J. Borden just in Fall River alone, so I think we need a lot more confirmation before accepting that Andrew was off forming a new partnership during those years.
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Post by Kat »

I was thinking along the lines of a family search or a census of some kind- maybe a city census for the name and family in Chicago. There would have to be more proof.
If that is not our Andrew, I'm still theorizing that Emma could have been out of school in time to go on a visit to Chicago, c. 1868 with her family for a short time, is all I've been trying to say.

I think Mbhenty's posts about Andrew Borden on another topic here might be implying what you are saying, TK.
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Post by sguthmann »

No "sorry" necessary. :smile: It's just fine to be skeptical, and you're quite correct, it would be nice to have more information to confirm the ID of "Andrew Borden" in Chicago as the same A J Borden of Fall River.

However, I do think that the info I found is compelling and warrants more investigation. There are several "facts" that, while not proving beyond a doubt that our Andrew was in Chicago during 1866-68, are striking when taken into consideration as a group:

- The first clue - The Boston Herald item from Aug 7, 1892: "When a young girl, she accompanied her parents to Chicago and was there a member of the Sunday school class and punctual in attendance."

- According to city directories, an "Andrew Borden" - and only ONE - is found to be in Chicago during the years of 1866-68. This time period would also fit with Lizzie being a "young girl" during that time.

- The Andrew Borden who was in Chicago during 1866-68 was in a TEXTILE-related business. Our AJ Borden of Fall River certainly grew up in a area where textile manufacturing was HUGE. (I'd have to check my references, but I want to say he also held stock in at least one local mill??)

- If you consider that the Andrew Borden in Chicago during 1866-68 could be the same AJ Borden of Fall River, you'll also note that this time period in which he (and presumably Abby and Lizzie) would have been away from Fall River just so happens to coincide EXACTLY with the time Emma would have been away at school.

I am working on trying to get some statistical data from the federal census of 1870 as to "Andrew Borden"s in the US at that time. Perhaps I'll find something more convincing of a statistical nature to bolster my suspicions? The search continues!
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Post by Kat »

Does this mean you verified that the listing was for "Andrew J. Borden" and not just Andrew Borden? Did I miss something? I thought this was still questionable?
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Post by sguthmann »

I'm sorry Kat (and all) you are correct. Right now the name of the Chicago individual stands as "Andrew Borden" (I've edited my previous post to reflect that). I am so used to typing out his full name, I think I was on "auto pilot." The fact remains that I am still trying to dig out my notes and confirm that the middle initial was a "J." Will let you know how that goes, and will try to be a little more careful when posting - espeically about something of this nature, where even a single middle initial is a huge detail! My apologies for the oversight!

Also, I was trying to remember, but weren't the Harringtons living "with" the Bordens in 1866? At least, lilving at the same residence...whether Andrew and family were actually living there at the very same time remains a question for me...
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Post by Kat »

Oh yes we get excited about stuff and that carries us away- I know the feeling.
Harry has a map piece from ? and it has the Harringtons and the Andrew J. Bordens across the street on Ferry from old Abraham and his new wife. It's odd to see something like that after thinking they all lived together all those years.
The census of 1860 has Andrew, Sarah, Emma and a Caroline Gray (domestic) with Abraham and BeBe.

The census of 1870 has Andrew, Abby, Emma, Lizzie in what looks to be the other address across the street- and at Abraham's there are him and BeBe, and then also Clothier Haskins and Susannah Haskins.
Lurana and Hiram Harrington in that census seem to be not in the same house as the others. This person who transcribed the abstract was not exact.

Of course, in 1880 there is our Borden family at Second Street with a servant named Mary Green.

BTW: Abraham was never listed in the Federal census as a fish peddler that I ever saw. He's a laborer in 1850, a gardener in 1860, and a gardner in 1870. I've also seen him as a yeoman.
I'm not sure about earlier than 1850 at the moment.
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Post by Tina-Kate »

You know Kat, I don't think I've ever seen Abraham as a fish peddler in any of the factual documentation either---just in Borden books. So much is it a question, I tend to think it's one of the myths.

I wonder if Len Rebello would know any better.
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Post by Shelley »

It may simply be a matter of a sideline for Abraham. Remember Ferry street is near the river and quite possibly Abraham had a deal with local fishermen (of which there were plenty) and sold off surplus on bountiful days. Sort of along the same lines as Andrew selling surplus eggs or produce from the farm. Those old folks never missed a chance to earn a buck- even women took in sewing fancywork, jam -making, and crafts to augment income. Children scavenged for rags and bones, glass, metal- anything for a penny. Even dropped fruit and nuts off the trees and bushes were eagerly sought after. Nothing got wasted. I expect the waste today would make the average Victorian swoon with dismay.
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Post by Kat »

But how did that story ever get started? Abraham had money enough to bankroll Andrew's first business venture. I wouldn't think Abraham was ever actually a *fish peddler.*
A "yeoman" is like a jack-of-all-trades. It seems to fit him better.
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Post by nbcatlover »

Wow! I'm really excited about the Wheaton post on Mondo Lizzie Borden. I'm sorry I didn't catch the article on the day it was posted.

http://lizzieandrewborden.com/MondoLizzie/

I'll be looking forward to The Hatchet article. It's great that so many people are interested in flushing out the details of Emma's life.
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Post by Kat »

I've been told by mbhenty that the fish peddler story is in Porter of all places!

Yes, looking forward to the Hatchet!
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Post by Shelley »

I'm not surprised. A jack of all trades would do about anything to turn a buck.. Seeing how close Ferry Street is to the river and docks, fish peddling on the side sounds pretty likely as a sideline.
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Post by Kat »

Well I never really believed it, but Porter was there- so to speak- so it's a good bet, I guess.

In the census Abraham was listed as a laborer in 1850, and a gardener, most often, in 1860 and 1870. After that I guess he was retired.
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nbcatlover
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Post by nbcatlover »

I've been looking at some family geneologies (esp. Wheaton). I can't help but notice that a branch of the Wheaton family were prominent in early Swansea. Ephraim Wheaton was a Baptist minister there. (Wheaton College never claimed Emma up til now).

An early Wheaton from Swansea married a Thurber. In the Tilden-Thurber incidence, Thurber doesn't just want to prosecute Lizzie for shoplifting. He was a confession to murder.

Elizabeth Thurber, who married a Wheaton, had been identified by some as Elizabeth Carpenter, another name which keeps showing up in the periphery of the case. Carperter was, perhaps, the profession of this Thurber's father.

Bowen, another Baptist family, is tied to the Wheaton/Thurbers of Swansea.

Abbie and Andrew were originally married in a Baptist Church at the Narrows (see Rebello). Yet in later years, the family are Congregationalists (and Lizzie raises eyebrows by bring the Baptist Dr. Bowen to church with her).

I can't help thinking that the farm in Swansea and the Borden historical ties to these Baptist families would provide significant insight into the cause of the murders (beyond money).

Lizzie herself was adamant in pointing the authorities away from Mr. Johnson and the Gladdings at the farm. Was this a red herring?

Note that Burlingham or Burlingame who worked on the Swansea farm in 1875 or 1876. This is part of the "mysterious' notes that Jennings made in preparing Lizzie's defense. (See Barbara Ashton in PROCEEDINGS).

To me, there is something "off" or "missing" in our knowledge in this area.

Wheaton Genealogy:

http://216.109.125.130/search/cache?ei= ... 1&.intl=us
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Kat
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Post by Kat »

Abbie and Andrew were originally married in a Baptist Church at the Narrows (see Rebello).
--Cynthia

Interesting info in your long juicy post, Cynthia! Thanks!

They were married June 6th, 1865. However, I did check Rebello, pg. 22, and it states:
Note: The Rev. Asa Bronson was a pastor at the First Baptist Church in Fall River and a general member of the school committee in 1835. The First Baptist Church was organized in 1781, located at the Narrows in Fall River. It was then called the Second Baptist Church in Tiverton, Rhode Island, until 1825. It was relocated in Fall River and given the name First Baptist Church. The building was dedicated on September 16, 1840. Rev. Bronson was the grandfather of Charles C. Cook, financial advisor for Andrew Borden and later, Emma and Lizzie. Fall River Evening News, May 8, 1896: 7.

I'm not sure that just because Asa Bronson married them, that it was in the Baptist Church. You'd think it would follow naturally, but I was told, when I asked a month or two ago, that it was not for sure.
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Stefani
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Post by Stefani »

Today the Daily Hampshire Gazette ran an article about Kristin's discovery and the effects it has had on Mount Holyoke.

Read all about it here at MondoLizzie.com

http://lizzieandrewborden.com/MondoLizzie/
Read Mondo Lizzie!
https://lizzieandrewborden.com/MondoLizzie/

Remember, amateurs built the ark. Professionals built the Titanic.
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